Singing and osteopathy

Singing, whether practised as an amateur or professionally, calls upon numerous anatomical and physiological structures. Osteopathy can play a key role in optimizing vocal performance and preventing disorders in singers. 

The vocal cords are located in the larynx, an organ in the throat. They are made up of muscles and elastic tissues capable of stretching and tightening. When we speak or sing, the air expelled from the lungs passes through the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce a sound. The pitch of the sound depends on the tension of the vocal cords: the tighter they are, the higher the sound. These vibrations are amplified and modified by resonance cavities, such as the mouth and nose, to create the voice. Posture and muscular balance influence the position of the larynx and therefore the quality of the vibration. 

Singing is a complex act involving several systems:

• Breathing: the diaphragm, the key muscle in breathing, works in synergy with the intercostal and abdominal muscles to ensure precise airflow management. On inhalation, it lowers to allow the lungs to fill, while the intercostal muscles expand the rib cage. On exhalation, it rises gently, controlling the air pressure needed to vibrate the vocal cords. Optimal breathing thus supports the production of clear, powerful notes, while reducing vocal tension and promoting endurance.
• phonation: Phonation relies on precise coordination between the tension of the vocal cords and the flow of air from the lungs. When they are brought together, the passage of air causes them to vibrate, producing a sound whose pitch is determined by their tension and length. This interaction is regulated by the laryngeal muscles, which adjust string tension, and by subglottic pressure, controlled by the diaphragm and respiratory muscles. A harmonious synergy is essential to guarantee smooth, expressive, fatigue-free vocal delivery.
• Dynamic posture: Dynamic posture implies the ability to adapt fluidly to the physical demands of singing, whether standing, sitting or moving on stage. Each posture must maintain body alignment to preserve laryngeal freedom, ribcage flexibility and diaphragmatic support. For example, seated singing requires a stable base and a clear chest, while on stage, movements must be balanced to avoid muscular tension or respiratory compression. A harmonious dynamic posture enables you to sing powerfully and expressively, while preserving your vocal health.

Even the slightest biomechanical imbalance can affect the harmony of the vocal gesture.

Singers can develop specific disorders linked to overuse or misuse of their vocal instrument.

Vocal disorders, such as nodules or polyps on the vocal cords, are often caused by overuse or mismanagement of the voice, leading to changes in its quality and power. These lesions can cause pain, a hoarse voice, difficulty in projecting the voice or in reaching certain pitches. Chronic vocal fatigue is also a common problem, especially among voice professionals, who experience a feeling of tension, weakness or stiffness after prolonged use.

Early treatment, including vocal rest, rehabilitation exercises and sometimes medical intervention, is essential to avoid complications and restore vocal function. 

Respiratory disorders, such as diaphragm dysfunction or rib blockage, can significantly affect breath management, which is essential for musicians and singers. A rigid or poorly coordinated diaphragm limits respiratory amplitude, reducing lung capacity and the effectiveness of vocal support. Similarly, blocked ribs restrict thoracic mobility, complicating the expansion necessary for optimal breathing. These imbalances can lead to rapid fatigue and reduced performance. Appropriate treatment, including breathing exercises and manual techniques, can restore fluid, efficient breathing.

These pathologies often require multidisciplinary management, in which osteopathy can play a preventive and curative role.

Singing, a true physical and artistic expression, relies on complex body mechanics. By focusing on the body as a whole, osteopathy promotes optimal balance to support vocal performance while preserving singers' health. Whether they want to improve their technique or prevent injury, singers can benefit from personalized osteopathic support, in the service of their art and well-being.